Cancer prevention - self-examination
If the following does not own or related symptoms should visit in a timely manner. According to the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences of China, made the top 10 of the following symptoms of cancer as a cause for alarm swollen attention:
1, any body parts, such as breast, cervical or abdominal mass, in particular the increasing.
2, any body parts, such as the tongue and buccal mucosa, skin, etc. and no injuries occurred in ulcers, especially those who long Buyu.
3, middle-aged and older women, irregular vaginal bleeding or discharge (more commonly known as leucorrhea).
4, sternum when to eat after the expansion nausea, burning sensation, foreign body sensation or swallowing of the increase will not ring true.
5, Jiuzhibuyu dry cough or talk in the blood.
6, the long-term indigestion, and loss of appetite, weight loss, and did not clearly identify the reasons for those.
7, changes in bowel habits, or hematochezia.
8, nasal obstruction, epistaxis, headache or side with diplopia.
9, mole or all of a sudden increase Po Kui, bleeding, the original hair loss.
10, painless hematuria. In addition to the alarm and the eight of the 10 symptoms, there are some signs, but also on high alert.
1, continued to add to the unilateral headache, vomiting and visual barriers, in particular the unexplained diplopia.
2, tinnitus and hearing loss, back to smoking expectoration of blood, neck mass.
3, unexplained bleeding oral, oropharyngeal discomfort, foreign body sensation or pain cavity.
4, painless sustained increase of jaundice.
5, nipple discharge, particularly bloody fluid.
6, male breast hyperplasia grew up.
7, unexplained fatigue, fever and anemia.
8, unexplained body pain, bone and joint pain.
In addition, precancerous lesions should be seen as early signs. Such as leukoplakia disease, chronic skin ulcer, fistula, the proliferation of scar (especially chemical burns caused by scar), atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia, multiple colorectal polyps, skin keratosis (especially the size of the fish on the occasion Service Keratosis of the palm of your hand, lobular cystic hyperplasia of the breast, cervical erosion, cervical polyps, etc.) can develop into cancer.
Guiding Principles of cancer screening
Cancer screening: Screening of tumor is the state of health or no symptoms conducted a series of targeted medical examination. These methods can help to ensure that the body found has been in existence in the early phase of the tumor or curable.
Cancer screening methods and means of choice: First of all subjects to consider their own epidemiological factors and other relevant factors to consider specific methods of screening and accuracy; At the same time, due consideration should be given to bear the economic subjects Sex. Due to the rapid development of medical science, cancer screening methods have become increasingly precise at the same time, more and more complex, more expensive; On the other hand, due to subjects such as economic constraints, the selection screen Search method would be to a certain extent. Therefore, in the choice of means and methods of screening, subjects need to spend some time with our professional oncology doctor face-to-face; after subjects on the various aspects of the assessment, cancer specialists will be given targeted screening Ways and means to check.
Breast Cancer
All women should be aware of their breast of any minor changes and these changes and our doctors to communicate in a timely manner.
For women 20-39 years old, we suggest that you every 1-3 years, asked the doctors to make a physical examination (palpation).
And more than 40-year-old women, we suggest that you please make a doctor's physical examination at the same time each year for a breast screening mammography camera. Please check your own arrangements for a good time.
For those who have high risk factors for women, such as family history of cancer, previous history of breast cancer, and so on, we suggest that you and our medical professionals to discuss, for early discussion of the pros and cons of molybdenum photography and the beginning of time, and other related checks (for example, MRI or ultrasound examination) or to increase the frequency of inspections.
Lung Cancer
Early lung cancer screening method in the international and domestic have been continuously carried out the changes. After international large sample, multicenter, randomized clinical trials showed that the use of chest X-ray screening for lung cancer, and can not reduce the mortality rate of lung cancer. Since the 1990s, the international community has begun using low-dose spiral CT screening approach to early lung cancer, after years of international clinical trial data to prove that the species is currently found that the best means of early lung cancer.
Screening the focus groups include: 45 years of age or long-term history of smoking, smoking index in more than 20 pack years (years of smoking X number of daily smokers of the package), or long-term work in a confined environment, or Long-term work in the larger dust particles in the environment, or family history.
Colorectal cancer
We recommend that colorectal cancer screening from the age of 50-year-old start, both male and female subjects, to be followed following a screening method:
Colonoscopy - once every 10 years.
Fecal occult blood test (FOBT) - an annual fecal occult blood stool test or the immunohistochemistry test.
Sigmoid colon examination - conducted once every five years.
Fecal occult blood test or immunohistochemistry test (once a year) and sigmoid colon examination (once every five years) - both at the same time check the effect is better than only one of the check.
All of the positive test (FOBT, FIT, Sigmoidoscopy) should be the result of the follow-up colonoscopy.
Stomach cancer, cardiac cancer, esophageal cancer
Upper gastrointestinal contrast - every 2 years.
The following a high-risk factors, we would propose gastroscopy (annual) - After the diagnosis of gastric ulcer Buyu durable, long-term patients with chronic atrophic gastritis, endoscopy found dysplasia, a long-term follow-up of patients .
All the positive results of the upper digestive tract imaging of the subjects, we propose to carry out the follow-up gastroscopy.
Cervical cancer
Through rigorous screening methods and early close follow-up of advanced cervical cancer is totally avoidable.
After three years of first sexual intercourse should begin cervical cancer screening - a year to conduct a cervical smear (TCT) and pelvic examination.
After 30 years of age based on risk factors - three or more times in a row after the inspection, resulting in negative subjects, have the option to reduce the number of subjects.
Prostate Cancer
We recommend that the 50-year-old male from the beginning of prostate cancer screening.
50-year-old and above - doctors each year, please refer to a seizure and examination of the prostate-specific antigen (PSA).
For family history of prostate cancer subjects, we propose that the 45-year-old from the beginning of the above checks.
Liver cancer
For any of the following risk factors, we suggest that each year an ultrasound and, if necessary, strengthen the liver CT examination.
High-risk factors include: a large number of long-term alcohol consumption, patients with chronic hepatitis B, liver cirrhosis patients, such as the chemical has long been engaged in the work of the crowd.
Cultivate good eating habits
And scholars at home and abroad that China's cancer patients, 35% to 50% due to the composition of the diet, unscientific process of cooking and bad eating habits caused by. This will help them develop good eating habits to make the following suggestions will help promote cancer prevention and good health.
⑴ slowly: The first food into the mouth, esophagus into the stomach through the dirty mouth of a variety of functions, in addition to words, to identify the hard and soft food, taste, hot and cold, raw and cooked, and so on, then chewing teeth, Incisor cut off the tube, pipe canine tear up, crushing and grinding molar tube. In the chewing at the same time, the size of the oral salivary gland secretion of a body to help digest the food and saliva mix fully for the benefit of gastrointestinal digestion and absorption. These functions only when slowly to complete, for example, in food fish bone, bone fragments, sand, to spit out impurities; large coarse teeth needed food Juesui; Taitang food or she can not swallow ; So that the protection of the mucous membrane of the stomach and esophagus from abrasions and burns, and is conducive to digestion and absorption of food. As early as 1964, medical staff in the research on the basis of the diet made by the "rough, hard, hot, fast," may be related to the formation of esophageal cancer, the promotion of "slowly" and other measures to reduce the esophagus The mucous membrane wear, burn.
⑵ not eat a particular kind of food, overeating does not: Some people just love to eat certain kinds of food, the other is that many do not eat food; For example, some people love to eat meat, do not eat vegetables; Some people love to eat cabbage Radish, do not eat onions, garlic, chives; some people just Meat, fish do not eat; some people do not eat eggs, do not drink milk, do not eat coarse grains, do not eat seafood, do not eat soy products such as . We need to know every day to eat nutritious foods into energy according to the terms, there is a reasonable allocation ratio of grain, vegetables, and other carbohydrates should be 60-65 percent, meat, cooking oil category, beans in the fat accounts for about 20% To 30%, eggs, meat, milk and fish protein accounted for 10-15 percent. The human need for the various kinds of vitamins and minerals, is the unequal distribution of land in a variety of foods, eat a wider variety of food products, not prone to some kind of malnutrition. Children better growth and development so that adult health and improve disease (including cancer) capacity.
With regard to overeating, is the first time in the dining, eating meat chickens and ducks into, Shanzhenhaiwei, a variety of too much alcohol, which is more than normal. This will not only cause a variety of digestive tract diseases, injury and good health. Also note that after the experiment proved that high-fat, high-protein and high-calorie diet, drinking too much as to cause cancer. Therefore, doctors and experienced the old saying that one has to be eating eight full health insurance.
⑶ Do not eat salty, catering more to light: According to the salt of the sales projections of our residents daily salt intake of about 15 grams in the Northeast, eastern China, about 12 to 15 grams, and other regions of Guangdong, about 10 grams. However, the international community that the appropriate amount is the average per person per day Chiyan 5 to 6 grams. Pickling salt in our food, such as: bacon, salted fish, salt the chicken, duck ham, salted egg, all kinds of pickles, pickled vegetables, and ham, sausage, bacon, and so on. In these foods high in salt content. As we all know, multi-Chi Yan prevention and treatment of high blood pressure, kidney disease is negative, and is conducive to the occurrence of gastric cancer, and so on. Therefore, study abroad was that too much salt there is the role of promoter, the promoter is to promote the development of cancer. We should promote the day-to-day diet to more light.
On the other hand, was preserved foods, often by adding preservatives Xiaoyan, mainly sodium nitrite. Sodium nitrite in the process of curing meat and produce in the secondary amine, in appropriate conditions, can be of synthetic substances carcinogenic nitrosamines. Although the content of its smaller, but the number of times to eat, or eat more volume, they add up to nitrosamines in the body, may cause many types of cancer. It is therefore proposed to eat less or eat preserved foods.
⑷ flour and rice and coarse grains, fine grain and rice and noodles to eat: habits, the city's day-to-day to eat rice, flour and rice flour, said, the corn (surface), millet, sorghum, beans and potato coarse grains, said. To contain some of the bran and brown rice flour, said cereal (Valley-wide food), rice processing mill to the surface of rice and rice bran does not contain a little of that fine rice flour noodles. Experts advise that we should eat more coarse grains and whole-food, the food is a good source of cellulose, and cellulose can regulate blood sugar and cholesterol levels, weight control and help prevent cancer. Where have refined the precision of white rice noodles almost completely free of the cellulose. Americans eat about 20 grams per day of cellulose, scholars have suggested that the cellulose so that the increased daily intake of 30 to 40 grams, in particular, will help to prevent the occurrence of colon cancer and rectal cancer. In addition to food in some of the vitamins and trace elements are also more concentrated in the surface of the rice and germ, barley in wheat bran, which is necessary for the maintenance of human health. For example, wheat bran contains B vitamins, trace elements selenium, magnesium and fiber plant will help to prevent colon cancer, diabetes and hyperlipidemia, and other diseases. Another example is the corn, also known as corn, as always in favor of taking to prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, cancer and high blood pressure, and other diseases. Corn contains a large number of plant fiber, carotenoids, lysine, selenium, magnesium, which played a nutrient to enhance the body's immune function, to play a role in cancer prevention. Soy contains isoflavones is conducive to the prevention of breast cancer, and so on.
⑸ more drink green tea: Tea is a traditional drink in China, now the scientific community at home and abroad has aroused a great deal of study, according to the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Cancer Institute study found that tea, especially green tea has a significant role in cancer prevention, the role of the main ingredients Catechin compounds in tea (tea pigment), green tea antioxidant ingredients for a wide range of carcinogens, including aflatoxin, benzopyrene, tobacco carcinogens, X-ray radiation, and so on, amino acids, such as cracking the product of the normal induction Malignant cell transformation are inhibited. Other experts in 1991 from green tea extract effective anti-cancer components of tea pigment, with a large number of animal experiments to prove its anti-cancer effect. Tea pigment used in clinical research has shown: cancer patients can reduce blood hypercoagulability, can enhance the WBC and enhance the patient's immune function, can stabilize the patient's condition with chemotherapy and improve the efficiency, and without any side effects.
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